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Background: As a woman, she is a wonderful invention by God, and she has a complex personality with pleasantness, morality, adjusting, and tolerance in their life. Stress affects our physical, physiological, and mental health, so to manage Stress in daily life, an individual may learn to cope with that by using coping strategies. Methods: In the present study, a nonexperimental design was adopted at different organizations and homes in the Bagalkot, Vidyagiri, and Navanagar areas of Bagalkot. A convenient technique was used. A sample consists of 100 with 50 working and 50 non-working women. Cohen's perceived stress scale collected data to check the Stress and the Brief COPE scale to check the level of coping. Result: Mean and SD of Stress among working women were 20.66�2, and S.E.M was 0.45. The mean and SD of Stress among non-working women was 19.76�43, S.E.M was 0.34, and 't'-value (1.571) at a 5% significance level. The Mean and SD of coping among working women were 63.3�43 and S.E.M was 1.19. The mean and SD of coping among non-working women was 61.58�98, S.E.M was 0.84, 憈� value (1.186) at a 5% l.o.s. Conclusion: The study's overall findings show that there is higher perceived Stress in working women compared to non-working women, and coping is higher in working women than non-working women.
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Background: Medications are not only used for disease treatment, but also for diagnosis and prevention of the disease. Not all the prescribed drugs are used by the patients, due to lack of adherence to therapy, there are chances of stocking up the unused or expired drugs at home. It is important to provide practical and scientific guidelines for the safe disposal of expired, unused, and leftover medications. Most developing countries lack standard guidelines for the safe disposal of expired, unused, and leftover medications. There are very few studies conducted in this region to assess the knowledge of the safe disposal of unused drugs. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of disposal of unused or expired medications. Materials and Methods: This was cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study conducted among 2nd year undergraduate medical students at a Medical College in South India. The questionnaire included three parts: Part I includes demographic details of the students and questions on knowledge of safe disposal of expire/unused drugs, Part II includes questions on attitude towards the safe disposal of expired/unused drugs, and Part III includes questions on practices toward the safe disposal of expired/unused drugs. The responses received from the participant was analyzed using Microsoft Excel (2019 version), and the results are explained in frequency and percentage. Results: A total of 118 2nd year medical undergraduate students participated in the present study. Out of 118, 62 (52.5%) were female students and 56 (47.4%) were male students. Among all the participants, 98 (83%) of students said that they are aware of medicinal waste. In the present study, 73 (61.8%) students knew about the safe disposal of unused, expired, and leftover medications. Most of the students (93.2%), agreed that unsafe disposal of unused, expired, and leftover medications would adversely affect the environmental, animal as well as human health. And 50% of the students, strongly agreed that educational activities like drug take-back programs should be introduced among the public people. When the students were asked about their practice of keeping expired, unused, or left-over drugs at home, 66.1% (78) of the students said yes and 47.2% (40) of the students said they do not keep the leftover medicine at home. Topical formulations (63.5%) were the most common group of drugs that were stored. The majority of students (73%) reported that they would throw unused/expired medications in dust bins at home. Self-discontinuation is most the common reason for storing drugs in the majority of the study participants (39%). Conclusion: In the present study, the 2nd-year medical undergraduate students had awareness regarding the harmful events associated with improper disposal of unused or expired drugs. But due to lack of information or knowledge of safer methods available, majority of the students were following inappropriate methods for disposing leftover or expired medication at home. Indian Government should provide national level guidelines and conduct awareness programs, mediated through healthcare professionals to bring significant changes about the disposal of unused or expired medications.
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An internal opening (primary opening) in the anal canal or rectum and an exterior opening (secondary opening) in the perianal skin combine to form a ?stula-in-ano, an infiammatory track. Unhealthy fibrous tissue and granulation tissue line this tract. Intersphicteric fistulas are ones that cross the internal sphincter and then have a tract to the outside of the anus leading1. The prevalence of an anal abscess-induced fistula-in-ano ranged from 26% to 38%.In men,the prevalence is 12.3 cases per 100,000 population and in women, it is 5.6 cases per 100,000 population2. Fistula-in-ano is a complicated disease, its signs and symptoms which resembles bhagandara disease described in ?yurved?. ?c?rya su?ruta mentioned this disease under aa mah?gad?s which means difficult to cure. For the management of this painful disease many treatment modalities are enumerated in ?yurved? classics and k?ra s?tra therapy is one among them which is proved to be gold standard. Though k?ra s?tra therapy is a big revolution in the field of fistula in ano, but it has some disadvantages like it is time consuming process, severe post-procedural pain, and big scar marks. In the present case report,A 24yr old male p/t c/o pain and swelling in perianal region since three months and successfully managed with IFTAK (Interception of Fistulous tract and application of Ksharsutra) technique. which showed a greatpotential in management by minimizing the duration of treatment, mild post procedural pain and minimum scar mark
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Background: H. pylori-associated gastritis in patients from the high-altitude area of Ladakh showed severe gastritis, mucosal nodularity, atrophy, and cancer in comparison to those from North India. This study served to analyze if differences in the H. pylori virulence genotypes decide the extent of gastric mucosal inflammation. Methods: Fifty gastric biopsies each from patients with H. pylori-associated gastritis from Ladakh and a tertiary care center in North India were included. The presence of H. pylori strain was confirmed with Warthin starry stain and polymerase chain amplification of the H. pylori-specific 16S rRNA. The cagA, vacA s1, s2, and m1, m2 alleles, and dupA virulence genotypes were studied in all archival samples, followed by their histological correlations. Results: cagA (P 0.009) and vacAs1 m1 (P 0.009) genes were distinctly more in H. pylori strains colonizing the biopsies of North Indian patients. In contrast, the cagA -ve vacAs2 m2 strains were significantly more in H. pylori strain colonizing the biopsies from Ladakhi patients. dupA genotype was almost similarly present in strains from both regions. Among these, only cagA and dupA virulence genes were associated with severe mucosal neutrophilic activity and deep infiltration of H. pylori strains in North Indian patients. Conclusions: Differences in virulence genotypes of H. pylori in gastric biopsies from North Indian and Ladakhi patients were found not significant in deciding the severity of H. pylori-associated gastritis.
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Siddha system of medicine is a traditional medicinal system followed in South India. In a human body imbalance of humours causes various diseases with major symptoms. We found out the disease by the signs of symptoms and curable by Siddha medicines. Purgation is one of the major treatments of Siddha system. Purgation medically induced elimination of stools to calm down excessive vitiated Dosha. Though purgation is used in modern system it is mainly confined to gastro intestinal diseases. But in Siddha system purgation is used in first line of treatment for many diseases. In this article, purgation based on medicines, various methods of purgation, procedures of purgation, different diseases, contra indications, signs and symptoms of inadequate purgation, excessive purgation and complication and dietary regimens is explained in a holistic manner. Siddha literature and published papers were explored to found the rationale of purgation treatment. Purgation is one of the advisable therapies for chronic diseases. Purgative medicines making in the form of Kudineer, Kuzhambu and oil. Agasthiyar Kuzhambu is essentially for purgation treatment. This medicine helps to cure fifty four various diseases like fever, cough, bleeding piles etc.
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Background: Despite several efforts to limit the viral transmission, the COVID-19 vaccine has been the only “the ray of hope” to end the pandemic. However, vaccine hesitancy could reduce coverage and hinder herd immunity. People’s intention to get vaccinated can be shaped by several factors, including risk perception which, in turn, is influenced by effect. The need to acquaint oneself to the beliefs, concerns, and circumstances of one’s own population in the community becomes important for successful implementation of the program. Therefore, the present study was conducted to gain insights into perceptions of vaccination. Objectives: The objective is to understand the felicitating factors and hindering factors for acceptance of vaccines by the population among people aged 50 years in urban field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine in a Tertiary care teaching hospital, Hyderabad. Subjects and Methods: Data were extracted from audio recording of five focus group discussions that were conducted in the urban field practice care of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Hyderabad through open-ended questions. Categories, subcategories, and themes were created by deductive approach. Results: The motivating factors for vaccine acceptance were found to be fear of getting disease, wanting to return normalcy, and trust in treating doctors, whereas, barriers were fear of death due to vaccine, opacity in vaccine details, anxiety, and misinterpretation of adverse events. Conclusion: Having a clear understanding about the belief system of the target population could help in designing the guidelines for vaccination program to escalate the immunization and increase the acceptance.
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Thrombo-embolic complications after Corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccination have been previously reported. We aimed to study the coronary thrombo-embolic complications (CTE) after COVID-19 vaccination in a single centre during the initial 3 months of vaccination drive in India. All patients admitted to our hospital between 1st March 2021 and 31st May 2021 with Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were included. Of the 89 patients [Age 55 (47e64)y, 13f] with ACS and angiographic evidence of coronary thrombus, 37 (42%) had prior vaccination history. The timing from last vaccination dose to index event was <1, 1e2, 2e4 and >4 weeks in 9(24%), 4(11%), 15(41%) and 9 (24%) respectively. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 (Covishield) was the most used vaccine- 28 (76%), while 9 (24%) had BBV152 (Covaxin). Baseline characteristics were similar in both vaccinated (VG) and non-vaccinated group (NVG), except for symptom to door time [8.5 (5.75e14) vs 14.5 (7.25e24) hrs, p ¼ 0.003]. Thrombocytopenia was not noted in any of the VG patients, while 2 (3.8%) of NVG patient had thrombocytopenia (p ¼ 0.51). The pre- Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow was significantly lower [1 (0e3) vs2 (1e3), p ¼ 0.03) and thrombus grade were significantly higher [4 (2.5e5) vs 2 (1e3), p ¼ 0.0005] in VG. The in-hospital (2.7% vs 1.9%, p ¼ 1.0) and 30-day mortality were also similar (5.4% vs 5.8%, p ¼ 1.0). This is the first report of CTE after COVID-19 vaccination during the first 3 months of vaccination drive in India. We need further reports to identify the incidence of this rare but serious adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination.
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Yashada is one of the Sapta dhatu, which is chemically Zn, Yashada bhasma is used therapeutically in many diseases like Prameha, Pandu, Vatavyadi etc., in the form of Bhasma (ZnO). Objectives: To prepare Yashada bhasma and its physico-chemical analysis of Yashada bhasma. Materials and Methods: Yashada was subjected Samanya Shodhana, Vishesha Shodhana and Jarana as per Rasatarangini. Yashada marana was done as per Rasayana sara. Bhasma was subjected to physico-chemical analysis which mainly included classical Bhasma parikshas like Rekhapurnata, Varitara, Unama, Nischandrata etc and modern parameters like Acid Insoluble Ash, pH, Total Ash value etc and advanced analytical techniques like XRD, SEM and AAS. Results: After 1st Puta pale yellow colored Yashada bhasma passed classical Bhasma parikshas. In classical reference two Puta are mentioned so, the 2nd Puta was given. XRD reports shows major peaks which were identified as Zinc oxide (ZnO) compound. Hence indicates complete transformation of metal to Bhasma form. Scanning electron microscopy in Yashada Bhasma after 2nd Puta the particle size ranging from 5-10μm. AAS reports shows zinc percentage of 77.08% after 2nd Puta. Conclusion: Pale yellow coloured Yashada bhasma was prepared after two Gaja putas which passed the classical Bhasma parikshas.
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Background: Neonates often show involuntary movements peri-operatively which are difficult to diagnose. Neonatal Shivering albeit very rare, may confuse the anaesthesiologist by presenting as Seizures. Case : A Neonate was scheduled for the repair of Lumbar Meningomyelocele in our Operating Room. At the end of an uneventful Surgery, we noticed jittery movements during recovery from Anaesthesia. Differentiating these movements from Neonatal Shivering, Motor Automatisms and Physiological New-born Behaviour was a challenge. The immediate venous blood gas analysis was within normal limits and no apparent cause could be found. Suspecting accidental Hypothermia, Immediate rewarming was initiated and after Consulting Paediatric Neurology intravenous Levetiracetam was given. There were no further similar episodes. Conclusion : Shivering-like episodes in Neonates during the peri-operative period need to be carefully evaluated to allay parental anxiety, avoid inappropriate treatment and prevent any further complications
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Background/Aims@#Most patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) report food-related aggravation of symptoms. Wheat/gluten is one of the most commonly incriminated. We studied the prevalence of self-reported wheat sensitivity in patients with IBS and in a healthy population from a region in India consuming mixed-cereal diets, correlated it with serological and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) markers of celiac disease, and evaluated the response to a wheat-free diet. @*Methods@#We surveyed 204 patients with IBS and 400 healthy persons for self-reported wheat sensitivity. Testing for IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase and HLA DQ2 or DQ8 was done in individuals who reported wheat sensitivity. Consenting persons with wheat sensitivity were put on wheat-free diet and monitored for symptom change. @*Results@#Twenty-three of 204 patients with IBS (11.3%) and none of the healthy subjects self-reported wheat sensitivity. Of 23 patients, 14 (60.9%) were positive for HLA DQ2 or DQ8 and none for anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody. After 6 weeks on wheat-free diet, all 19 participating patients reported clinical improvement; fewer patients had bloating, diarrhea, constipation, and easy fatigue. @*Conclusions@#Eleven percent of patients with IBS self-reported wheat sensitivity. None of them had positive celiac serology; 60.9% were positive for HLA DQ2 and DQ8, suggesting a possible genetic basis. All of them improved symptomatically on a wheat-free diet.
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Background/Aims@#Most patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) report food-related aggravation of symptoms. Wheat/gluten is one of the most commonly incriminated. We studied the prevalence of self-reported wheat sensitivity in patients with IBS and in a healthy population from a region in India consuming mixed-cereal diets, correlated it with serological and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) markers of celiac disease, and evaluated the response to a wheat-free diet. @*Methods@#We surveyed 204 patients with IBS and 400 healthy persons for self-reported wheat sensitivity. Testing for IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase and HLA DQ2 or DQ8 was done in individuals who reported wheat sensitivity. Consenting persons with wheat sensitivity were put on wheat-free diet and monitored for symptom change. @*Results@#Twenty-three of 204 patients with IBS (11.3%) and none of the healthy subjects self-reported wheat sensitivity. Of 23 patients, 14 (60.9%) were positive for HLA DQ2 or DQ8 and none for anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody. After 6 weeks on wheat-free diet, all 19 participating patients reported clinical improvement; fewer patients had bloating, diarrhea, constipation, and easy fatigue. @*Conclusions@#Eleven percent of patients with IBS self-reported wheat sensitivity. None of them had positive celiac serology; 60.9% were positive for HLA DQ2 and DQ8, suggesting a possible genetic basis. All of them improved symptomatically on a wheat-free diet.
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Intussusception is the telescoping of the proximal segment of the intestine within the lumen of the adjacent segment. Adult intussusception is rare and its aetiology differs from paediatrics. Surgery is highly recommended and challenging considering the possibility of carcinoma. Post-operative intussusception is a rare and bizarre complication. We report an 18-year old male who had undergone uncomplicated appendectomy outside the institute with missed histopathological examination (HPE) report, presented with abdominal pain for 1 week, vomiting 4 days, obstipation 1 day. On examination ovoid mass of size (12×7 cm) in right hypochondrium. A plain abdomen radiograph shows dilated bowel loops. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen and pelvis showed telescoping of small bowel into the caecum. Suggestive of post-appendectomy intussusception causing intestinal obstruction, emergency laparotomy revealed telescoping of ileum into caecum, acting as the leading point of intussusception, proceeded with right hemicolectomy and ileo-transverse anastomosis. With blindsiding HPE defining high grade diffuse large B cell lymphoma, immunohistochemistry stains nuclear positivity for cluster of differentiation-20 (CD-20) >80%, and Ki-67 >90%. Surgery plus chemotherapy is warranted being a high-grade tumour. Surgery must be restricted to the primary tumour, with mesenteric lymph node involvement based on oncological principles. Laparoscopic approach is preferred nowadays.
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Central nervous system tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most severe form of tuberculosis, accounting for 1% of all TB cases. Intracranial tuberculosis can present as Tuberculous meningitis, Tuberculous encephalopathy, Tuberculous vasculitis, CNS tuberculomas and Tuberculous brain abscess. Here authors present a case of a 10-year-old girl who presented with insidious onset of early morning vomiting, excessive sleepiness with classical neuroimaging findings of intracranial tuberculosis. Authors emphasise that intracranial tuberculoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any intracranial space-occupying lesion with or without pulmonary involvement.
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Background: Mortality in critically ill children is maximum in the first 24 hours. Need of the hour is a rapid clinical scoring system that predicts mortality on admission. This study aims at using the Signs of Inflammation that Can Kill (SICK) score in a tertiary care pediatric hospital in India, to evaluate its usefulness in predicting mortality on admission.Methods: The study design is a hospital based prospective study for evaluation of diagnostic test for a duration of one year.' The assessment using SICK score was done on arrival prior to initiation of treatment for children admitted through the emergency room and paediatric ward. The variables of SICK score - temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic BP, oxygen saturation, CRT, sensorium by AVPU scale were measured using standard guidelines.Results: The study includes a population of 369 children. Children between 1 month to 12 years were included in the study. Out of 369 children studied 24 died. The mortality in the study is 6.5%. The area under the ROC curve is 0.94, which indicates the scores based on regression could predict mortality in 94% subjects correctly. Further a score of 2.5 showed maximum discrimination with a sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 87.2%.Conclusions: The assessment of SICK score in the population will provide objective measure of severity of illness on admission, prediction of mortality, early triage of patients, effective allocation of resources and personnel, enables early intervention, which helps in reducing mortality.
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The present study was conducted at Panna Tiger Reserve of Madhya Pradesh for sero-surveillance for canine parvovirus (CPV), canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine adenovirus (CAV) infections in feral dogs. Biological samples were also collected from the wild carnivore species which were immobilized or died during the study period. Serum samples were subjected for detection of IgG antibodies against CPV, CDV and CAV infections. Additionally biological samples of wild carnivores were subjected to molecular diagnosis of CPV and CDV genes. Seroprevalence for CPV, CDV and CAV infections was observed as 3.5%, 4.4% and 0.89%, respectively, whereas for mixed infections of CPV+CDV, CPV+CAV, CDV+CAV and CPV+CDV+CAV, it was observed as 48.2%, 1.7%, 4.4% and 36.6%, respectively. Sex wise, age wise and distance wise seroprevalence was non-significant in the present study. Seroprevalence for CPV, CDV and CAV infections in cats was observed as 50%, 100 % and 0%, whereas in wild carnivores, it was observed as 100%, 90% and 0% respectively. PCR based diagnosis in the wild carnivore also revealed CDV positive cases. Serological and genomic evidence of pathogens in dogs-cats of buffer villages and wild carnivores of Panna tiger reserve indicated that the viruses may pose a high risk of spillover to wild carnivores. Study also indicated that dog population is immuned to major infectious diseases but can be a threat to the compromised wild carnivore species including tigers
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ABSTRACT Background Post-operative pain is the major consequence of Ksarasutra, Seton technique employed in Ayurvedic management of Low anal fistula. Surgeons are forced to prescribe Opioids and NSAIDs with pronounced untoward effects. Non pharmacological measures like Balneotherapy are used to improve circulation and relieve spasm in contemporary sciences. Aim To compare the efficacy of Khadira (Acacia catechu) and Sphatika (Potash alum) hot sitzbath with plain hot sitzbath in patients of low anal fistula treated with Ksarasutra. Method The study was single blind, double armed; prospective, randomized control clinical trial in which 30 patients were randomly allocated into two groups of 15 each on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group A received hot sitzbath using Acacia catechu and alum infusion twice daily for 21 days. Group B received hot sitzbath using warm water for 21 days. The assessments were made on pain, post-surgical satisfaction burning sensation, tenderness, discharge, constipation, itching and incontinence. Result The disease was prevalent in the 4th decade of life, more in males (86.67%) involved in sedentary work (53.33%) residing in urban domicile, consuming mixed diet (100%). Both groups showed statistically significant improvement in outcome measures like pain, burning sensation, tenderness, discharge, constipation and itching. Conclusion On comparative analysis Acacia and Alum hot sitzbath was more effective in outcomes like pain, surgical satisfaction, burning sensation and discharge. There was no difference in the effect of both interventions with respect to outcome measures like constipation, itching and incontinence.
RESUMO Justificativa A dor pós-operatória é a principal consequência da técnica que utiliza seton de Ksarasutra no tratamento ayurvédico de fístula anal baixa. Os cirurgiões são impelidos a prescrever opiáceos e AINEs que possuem efeitos indesejáveis pronunciados. Medidas não farmacológicas como a balneoterapia são usadas nas ciências contemporâneas para melhorar a circulação e aliviar o espasmo. Objetivo Comparar a eficácia do banho quente de assento com Khadira (Acacia catechu) e Sphatika (Potash alum) com apenas banho de assento em pacientes com fístula anal baixa tratados com Ksarasutra. Método Estudo clínico prospectivo, cego e controlado de dois braços randomizados, no qual 30 pacientes foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos de 15 pacientes cada com base nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. O Grupo A recebeu banho de assento com Acacia catechu e infusão de alume duas vezes ao dia por 21 dias. O Grupo B recebeu banho de assento com água morna por 21 dias. Os desfechos avaliados foram dor, satisfação pós-cirúrgica, sensação de queimação, sensibilidade, corrimento, constipação, prurido e incontinência. Resultado A doença foi prevalente na 4ª década de vida, mais frequente no sexo masculino (86,67%), nos envolvidos em trabalho sedentário (53,33%), nos residentes em domicílios urbanos e nos que consumiam dieta mista (100%). Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhora estatisticamente significativa na avaliação dos resultados, tais como dor, sensação de queimação, sensibilidade, corrimento, constipação e prurido. Conclusão Na análise comparativa, o banho quente de assento com acácia e alume foi mais eficaz nos desfechos de dor, satisfação cirúrgica, sensação de queimação e corrimento. Não houve diferença em relação ao efeito de ambas as intervenções sobre os desfechos de constipação, prurido e incontinência.
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Humans , Male , Female , Pain, Postoperative , Baths , Rectal Fistula/surgery , Areca , Potassium , Aluminum Sulfate , AcaciaABSTRACT
Background: Pre-eclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in India. Objective of this study was to establish whether a spot urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) measured between 18-28 weeks of gestation can predict subsequent pre-eclampsia in asymptomatic pregnant women.Methods: A prospective observational study involving 50 registered antenatal cases visiting the obstetrics outpatient department between 18-28 weeks of singleton pregnancy with nil proteinuria upon dipstick measurement were included. ACR was determined from random single midstream urine sample. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi square test and Student’s t-test.Results: Of the study group, 10 patients had high ACR value, with 8(80%) developed pre-eclampsia and 2(20%) remained normotensive. ACR had a sensitivity of 80%, specificity 97.56%, positive predictive value of 88.89%, diagnostic accuracy of the test being 94.12%.Conclusions: The spot urinary protein creatinine ratio is a reliable predictor for pre-eclampsia in pregnancy.
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Introduction: Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT) are a unique group of neoplasms with diverse morphology and immunophenotypic characteristics, coexpressing sex cord, epithelial, and smooth-muscle markers. To date, less than 100 cases have been reported and there is paucity of data concerning their clinical behavior. Materials and Methods: All cases of uterine body tumors diagnosed over a period of two and a half years (2016-2018) were retrieved. Histopathological features were reviewed and extended panel of immunohistochemistry was performed to identify cases of UTROSCTs. Results: Six cases of UTROSCTs were identified with a median age of 46.5 years. Four of them presented with menorrhagia, while two with postmenopausal bleeding including one with a history of carcinoma breast. Three of these cases were initially misdiagnosed as endometrial stromal sarcoma and adenocarcinomas. They all underwent hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Conclusion: It is considered a tumor with low malignant potential; however, one out of six cases (16.7%) in our study showed metastasis, within 1 year of diagnosis. It is important to recognize this entity as it mimics a wide range of both benign and malignant tumors. Molecular pathogenesis and exact management protocols remain elusive due to rarity,hence, multi-institutional studies are warranted.
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Orbital cellulitis describes an infection involving the soft tissues posterior to the orbital septum including the fat and muscle within the bony orbit. This condition is associated with severe sight and life-threatening complications. Distinguishing it from preseptal cellulitis is difficult, but important. Acute sinusitis is the commonest predisposing factor. Clinical findings alone are not specific enough to distinguish between preseptal and post septal orbital cellulitis. Early diagnosis using CT orbit is important to rule out complications such as orbital cellulitis, subperiosteal abscess. The most common location of subperiosteal abscess is the medial wall of the orbit. Transnasal endoscopic drainage of the abscess is a functional and minimally invasive technique and is the treatment of choice at present. Early diagnosis and intervention are mandatory to prevent the visual loss and life-threatening complication.Here, the authors describe a 2 months old infant with orbital cellulitis and medial subperiosteal abscess and treated with transnasal endoscopic drainage of the subperiosteal abscess.